DERIVATIVES

Derivative: suatu kata jadian yang menggunakan awalan / akhiran tertentu, yang dapat mengubah suatu jenis kata menjadi jenis kata lainnya.

Contoh: danger (noun)               dangerious (kata sifat)

          State (kata kerja)         statement (kata benda)

A.     KATA BENDA

Suatu kata benda/orang yang dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object/adverbal dalam suatu kalimat.

Cirri – cirri kata benda :

Diawali :

·         Articles                               : a, an, the

·         Possessive pronouns                 : my, your, his, her, their, its, etc.

·         Demonstrative pronouns   : this, that, these, those

·         Quantitative                         : some, any, many, much, a lot, etc.

·         Numerals                             : one, two, first, second, other, etc.

·         Prepositions                          : in, on, at, with, after, etc.

Diakhiri:

·         -ion     : discussion, collection, organization, correction, etc.

·         -ness    : happiness, kidness, correctioness, illness,etc.

·         -ence    :diference, silence, absence, etc.

·         -ance    :importance, distance, maintenance, etc.

·         -ment   :statement, agreement, settlement, etc.

·         -ship    :friendship, leadership, realitionship, etc.

·         -ism    :criticsm, racism, nationalism.

·         -ty      :activity, quantity, utility, majority, etc.

·         -ian     :comedian, beautician, etc.

·         -er      :teacher, farmer, drummer, manager, etc

·         Ist      :journalist, artist, mentalist, etc.

·         -th      :length, truth etc.

B.     KATA SIFAT (adjective)

Suatu kata yang fungsinya menerangkan kata benda.

Ciri-ciri :

·         Diawali kata : very, so, quite, too, more, most

·         Diakhiri :

·         -able    :reasonable, applicable, available, etc.

·         -ive     :imaginative, productive etc.

·         -al      :practical, economical, etc.

·         -ous    :dangerous, famaous etc.

·         -ful     :careful, beautiful, etc

·         -less    :careless,useless, etc.

·         -ry      :imaginary, hairy etc

·         -ish     :childish, reddish etc.

·         -ly      :fatherly, friendly etc.

C.     KATA KERJA (Verb)

Suatu kata yang biasanya dalam kalimat berfungsisebagai predikat.

Cirri-ciri:

·         Diawali           :subject,to be, modal,aux.

·         Diakhiri  :

§  -ize      :recognize,realize,utilize,etc.

§  -en      :shorthen, wide, lengthen,frighten, etc.

§  -ify     : identify,clarify, statisfy, etc.

§  -ate     : negotiate, communicate, etc.

§  -ed      : stated, studied, wanted, asked, etc.

D.     KATA KETERANGAN CARA (Advervial OfManner)

Yaitu suatu kata yang fungsinya menerangkan kata kerja, dan bentuknya biasanya “kata sifat + ly” letak dalam kalimat yaitu di belakang object (jika punya object atau predikat, atau juga sebelum kata kerja).

Contoh:

v  He studies carefully

v  He studies English carefully

v  He carefully studies English

v  He is carefully studying English              letaknya harus lekat dengan verb, tidak boleh

v  He has carefully studied English              ada sisipan apapun.

Contoh :

1.     The victim of the earthquake showed their….. to the local government officials for their help.

a.     Appreciate

b.     Appreciable

c.     Appreciation

d.     Appreciably

e.     Appreciative

We must choose “c”. why ? because in fron of drop is their, and appreciation is a noun.

2.     In the event of marriage the date for a wedding has to be….chosen to prevent on unhappy married life.

a.     Care

b.     Careful

c.     Careless

d.     Carefully

e.     Carefulness

We must choose “d”. why ? because in backside of drop is chosen, and carefully is verb.

                Note : averb always explain verb, but verb not has to apply adverb.